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对真空泵系统密封要求的研究
1、对工作蒸汽及其干度的研究：
1. Research on working steam and its dryness:
蒸汽压力偏低及压力波动均对真空泵的能力有较大影响,因此蒸汽压力不应低于要求的工作压力,但所用真空泵结构设计已定型,过多提高蒸汽压力并不会增加抽气量及真空度。另外,要确保锅炉供给的蒸汽压力稳定,最好用一台锅炉专门给蒸汽喷射泵提供工作蒸汽,这样蒸汽压力就不会出现波动,真空泵性能稳定。
The low steam pressure and pressure fluctuation have great influence on the capacity of vacuum pump, so the steam pressure should not be lower than the required working pressure, but the structural design of vacuum pump has been finalized, too much increase of steam pressure will not increase the air extraction and vacuum degree. In addition, to ensure that the steam pressure supplied by the boiler is stable, it is better to use a boiler to provide working steam for the steam jet pump, so that the steam pressure will not fluctuate and the performance of the vacuum pump is stable.
2、对循环冷却水要求的研究：
2. Research on the requirements of circulating cooling water:
冷却水供量不足,冷凝器会发热,气流声音变大,真空度迅速下降,甚至蒸汽会返入抽气管。冷凝水在多级真空泵中具有举足轻重的作用，冷凝水可以将蒸汽充沛冷凝，真空泵排出压力中的水蒸汽分压有必要高于其所对应的饱满蒸汽压，因此冷凝水的温度也要低于该压力下的饱满温度，才能保证泵体的正常作业。
If the cooling water supply is insufficient, the condenser will heat up, the air flow will become louder, the vacuum will drop rapidly, and even the steam will return to the extraction pipe. The condensate plays an important role in the multistage vacuum pump. The condensate can fully condense the steam. The partial pressure of the water vapor in the discharge pressure of the vacuum pump is necessary to be higher than the corresponding full steam pressure. Therefore, the temperature of the condensate should also be lower than the full temperature under the pressure to ensure the normal operation of the pump body.
3、对真空泵系统密封要求的研究：
3. Research on sealing requirements of vacuum pump system:
真空泵处于极限状态时,第1级排出的水很少,有时甚至没有。因此,第1级泵有大量水排出,可以认为是系统有泄漏。通常的漏气原因有:垫片没装、装错或损坏,螺栓未拧紧,法兰面损坏,焊缝有沙眼,接头（压力表、真空表等）未装好。
When the vacuum pump is in the limit state, the water discharged from the first stage is very little, sometimes even not. Therefore, a large amount of water is discharged from the first stage pump, which can be considered as leakage of the system. The common causes of air leakage are: the gasket is not installed, installed incorrectly or damaged, the bolt is not tightened, the flange surface is damaged, the weld has sand holes, and the joint (pressure gauge, vacuum gauge, etc.) is not installed properly.
1. Research on working steam and its dryness:
蒸汽压力偏低及压力波动均对真空泵的能力有较大影响,因此蒸汽压力不应低于要求的工作压力,但所用真空泵结构设计已定型,过多提高蒸汽压力并不会增加抽气量及真空度。另外,要确保锅炉供给的蒸汽压力稳定,最好用一台锅炉专门给蒸汽喷射泵提供工作蒸汽,这样蒸汽压力就不会出现波动,真空泵性能稳定。
The low steam pressure and pressure fluctuation have great influence on the capacity of vacuum pump, so the steam pressure should not be lower than the required working pressure, but the structural design of vacuum pump has been finalized, too much increase of steam pressure will not increase the air extraction and vacuum degree. In addition, to ensure that the steam pressure supplied by the boiler is stable, it is better to use a boiler to provide working steam for the steam jet pump, so that the steam pressure will not fluctuate and the performance of the vacuum pump is stable.
2、对循环冷却水要求的研究：
2. Research on the requirements of circulating cooling water:
冷却水供量不足,冷凝器会发热,气流声音变大,真空度迅速下降,甚至蒸汽会返入抽气管。冷凝水在多级真空泵中具有举足轻重的作用，冷凝水可以将蒸汽充沛冷凝，真空泵排出压力中的水蒸汽分压有必要高于其所对应的饱满蒸汽压，因此冷凝水的温度也要低于该压力下的饱满温度，才能保证泵体的正常作业。
If the cooling water supply is insufficient, the condenser will heat up, the air flow will become louder, the vacuum will drop rapidly, and even the steam will return to the extraction pipe. The condensate plays an important role in the multistage vacuum pump. The condensate can fully condense the steam. The partial pressure of the water vapor in the discharge pressure of the vacuum pump is necessary to be higher than the corresponding full steam pressure. Therefore, the temperature of the condensate should also be lower than the full temperature under the pressure to ensure the normal operation of the pump body.
3、对真空泵系统密封要求的研究：
3. Research on sealing requirements of vacuum pump system:
真空泵处于极限状态时,第1级排出的水很少,有时甚至没有。因此,第1级泵有大量水排出,可以认为是系统有泄漏。通常的漏气原因有:垫片没装、装错或损坏,螺栓未拧紧,法兰面损坏,焊缝有沙眼,接头（压力表、真空表等）未装好。
When the vacuum pump is in the limit state, the water discharged from the first stage is very little, sometimes even not. Therefore, a large amount of water is discharged from the first stage pump, which can be considered as leakage of the system. The common causes of air leakage are: the gasket is not installed, installed incorrectly or damaged, the bolt is not tightened, the flange surface is damaged, the weld has sand holes, and the joint (pressure gauge, vacuum gauge, etc.) is not installed properly.
